Humanistic philosophy value and application in Tourism Research

　　Essence of tourism is culture, is a humanistic behavior, and its research methods but relies on Geographic Sciences and Economics, which for too much respected resource elements, economic rationality and quantified characteristics while ignoring scientific humanism, to a certain extent, making tourism practice because the nature of the conflict and the emergence of the problem, and this relatively narrow field of vision learn discipline, but also makes the tourism branch discipline remains a geographical science, economics, restricted clearance and disciplinary system of its basic concepts independence. From today's current situation Situation Tourism Practice and Research departure, attempts to explore the concept of value and the humanities in Tourism Research.

　　Tourism as a special social practice, its essence is a kind of human self-improvement and development of processes and conscious experience, from the people's hierarchy of needs that people are in need of self-development and self-satisfaction, the human major tourism activities It is satisfying to the spirit through recreation, which makes tourism activities included in the scope of natural spiritual culture. However, the domestic tourism study because of the large economic and social background and geographical science in the early 1980s first intervention resource-oriented tourism planning, making tourism research resource elements of economic rationality, the quantization characteristics overly respected. Data shows that the current tourism research results Qicheng from economics. Relative deviation from this study, making tourism practice into a hasty, utilitarian state, especially the majority of non-renewable resources of tourism, under the influence of this clock Trend severely damaged. Western scholars pay more attention to tourism phenomenon of human care, the dominant view in Western tourism study, from a sociological, anthropological point to tourism as a cultural phenomenon and cultural studies school sound more and more ambitious. In China, the relationship between tourism and culture should also become an important field of tourism research. From the perspective of the humanities to discuss tourism, it can lead us to think deeply the nature, purpose, significance, value and impact of tourism, so as to provide humanistic eco-tourism value-oriented health harmony, literally making tourism as the most effective means of integration of urban resources .

　　First, the domestic tourism research status and confused

　　As of 2006, there were 1,703 universities, secondary schools do travel professional. Random survey of 2008 the first phase of "Tourism Tribune", the author of the first degree, mostly from geography, economics. Since some vague concept of tourism discipline, discipline positioning allowed, the basic theory of weak and other issues, tourism discipline has been no independent disciplinary status. On the subject has been attributed to the discipline of Business Administration and Economics, which is far from the essence of tourism, and tourism development status, social values disproportionate.

　　Modern economic rationality comes from Renaissance man of self-worth of hype, and the Darwinian "survival of the fittest natural selection was actually" one-sided understanding of the theory of evolution, thus forming a "anthropocentrism" "individualism" as Characteristics of the modern spirit. Under the influence of this trend, the world began to appear to the outside world and the strong grab people's apathy, tourism as a humanistic behavior seek pleasure, also rolled into this wave. This is, from the world cultural heritage Longmen Grottoes build hotels, the World Natural Heritage Site Jiuzhaigou environmental degradation and tourism activities on the psychological gap Tourism residents can be seen.

　　Looking back four hundred years of modern civilization, philosophers began to question everything to create economic rationality, human material abundance, the spirit but deserted even panic, happiness index as an important measure of human progress, this view has begun to attract attention. Tourism as the most effective way to integrate local resources, improve the city's happiness index, in its practice, the high degree of recognition of the social value of tourism has emerged embarrassment of wishful thinking. "Anthropology of Tourism" and "Tourism Philosophy of" just published, from the humanities to the level of domestic tourism events and tourism research to re-examine this revolutionary academic creation, from the tourism ontology, redefine, clarify the Tourism disciplinary boundaries and the nature of ownership, and consistent throughout the humanistic philosophy, will become an important future perspective of tourism research.

　　Natural sciences and economics advocates quantified as an important means to quantify the empirical, which allowed the researchers largely have scientific. This humanistic behavior of tourism economics finds so many of its valuable Humanities Research lack of attention, because the humanities focused perception rather than the number of logical deduction rational empirical modeling. In this line of thinking, tourism and cultural faction gradually disappearing. In economics and geography as the leading tourism research pattern, because of the excessive quantization respected, so that some people Machinery Manufacturing quantitative model, the name of science under the banner of doing no good to study tourism practice.

　　From the above analysis, we defined the status of tourism research: resource elements of economic rationality, the quantization characteristics of overemphasis and ignore the value and humanistic philosophy in Tourism Research.

　　Second, the connotation of humanistic philosophy of Tourism Research

　　"Humanistic" first appeared in the "Book of Changes" which, "(rigid staggered), astronomy too. Civilization above, humanities also. Judging from astronomy, varying Ezer, judging from the humanities, to into the world." The so-called " Judging from the humanities, to into the world ", referring to observe the trajectory of human civilization, learn from experience, and then to educate the world. In the Western world, "humanistic" thought of a person in the 14th century to the 16th century medieval people against oppression arising thoughts. But humanistic spirit as a worldview, foreseen in ancient Greece was born, refers to the pursuit of the ideal Sound of Music as the core value, showing the value of human dignity, the right to seek, maintain and concerns, is a Ideal all-round development of personality shaping and certainly, its purpose is to reveal the meaning of human existence, the realization of human worth and dignity, striving for perfection and development of its own people, is the human quest for freedom, comprehensive and harmonious development of a too great and profound spiritual.

　　The introduction of humanism in tourism studies, in fact, is not a creation, but a return. Travel to ancient China have, for thousands of years has accumulated a large number of tourists travel humanistic ideas. "Swim head Chenghuai" (Wang, "Lanting Xu"), "husband food and clothing, the capital, the landscape, the nature of the student's right" (Xie, "Tour mountains Chi"), "Jie Lu in the human environment. Without traveling noise "(Tao" drinking "). Regression is not a simple revival, because the current social background has produced great changes of tourism, tourism industry has shifted from a mass of individual act of nobility. Therefore, consider Tourism Research humanistic philosophy, ancient naive humanistic philosophy should be careful refining, derivatives, and create.

　　Tourism Research humanistic philosophy should include non-utilitarian values, generalized concept of Heaven, broad views of culture, the creation of post-modernism dimension concept, multiculturalism and so on. The following will discuss the vision of its specific meaning and applications.

　　Third, the value of humanistic philosophy and applied research in tourism

　　(A) non-utilitarian values

　　With humanistic philosophy is characterized by respect for human values, and this is reflected in tourism studies, it is the implementation of a brief but emotional care. And all along, tourism studies are obvious utilitarian, to maximize benefits for the pursuit of the goal. Travel planning from a resource-oriented (1979--1989), the market-oriented (1990--2000) to product-oriented (2000--) over, the fundamental driving force is still the maximum economic efficiency. Indeed, utilitarianism is also present in the tourists in. In the technological rationality of monasteries, tourists tried to minimum capital investment (time) to get the maximum benefit (interest), which showed a big scenic cableway construction, large-scale use of electric vehicles and so on. Originally, the tour is to enjoy the process of this relaxation, this utilitarian tour guide makes its mind very different.

　　With the scientific concept of development, ecological theory, the theory of sustainable development and harmonious on the in-depth follow-up and dissemination of tourism studies also consider the object appeared beyond the economic significance of the social value of tourism has also been given due respect. However, once a clear and concrete action to implement, are often deserted. Tourism is to provide mankind with a leisure space, a sense of community and even global sense, it aims to relax, relaxing experience and get pleasure of the mind, is a public good, and strive to improve community well-being index approach is a The concept is really kind of return, therefore, understand the social value of tourism from a wide area, in a non-utilitarian attitude to create a pleasant environment, is necessary.

　　(Ii) the generalized concept of Heaven

　　From the above discussion of non-utilitarian, inevitably it appeared to narrow humanism respected. That is, the so-called sustainable development, in essence, rational and modern science and technology, economic rationality is no difference, but to call it by pulling the long dimension cherished own future, is still "anthropocentric" performance.

　　Tourism planning is to develop, integrate various natural and cultural tourism resources, that is, its target is no specific life. We in the tourism research tourism planning should be from the perspective of ecological ethics to take care of them. For example, caring for plants scenic, historical and cultural resources for the maintenance of social welfare tourism respected, it should be taken seriously. That is, from the height of ultimate concern to examine tourism, study tourism, tourism practice.

　　(C) broad views of culture

　　Because the habit of historical thinking, the traditional tourism will tour the "nostalgia" psychological needs considered to be of historical and cultural identity. This is demonstrated for tourism development, research focus on history and culture. In Henan, history has become an important tourism resources, tourism also become a heavy burden, and even restricted the optimization and upgrading of tourism. Travel for leisure, to relax, to go thousands of miles way not to read a lot, but in order to escape the hustle and bustle of city life. This will be understood as cultural history and culture of thinking, so that tourism development has entered a stage of realism, but also makes the lack of development of cultural and creative industries, culture and history and culture, tourism will be the same. That is, as a tourist and cultural nature, does not mean narrowly history and culture, but rather refers to the leisure complex as the basic characteristics of a variety of recreational elements.

　　Over-reliance on the history of culture, also makes "nostalgia" of historical space is artificially reduced, which is reflected on the past years of indifference. For example, we are just past the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, the educated youth to the countryside and so on the collective memory of tourism development is not enough. Indeed, the most profound sense of nostalgia from the memory of the human brain can, from a person's life course, back their past years, which is far greater than recorded in the deep history. This is, from Zhengzhou recently launched the "youth culture tour" hot can be seen. In foreign countries, to return to the World War II battlefield tour is also in full swing. This re memories of past historical sites, not people go years lifted wounds, on the contrary, "nostalgia" feature is automatically stripped negative impact. World War II veterans back to World War II battlefield, the respondents believe that not remember the bloody scene, but germinal heroism recollections. So, the history and culture of "historical" identity to include just past yesterday's "History", which for tourism development, research, as good as a new territory. Beijing natives Planning Institute is planning done Qijiang Park was aroused internationally highly recognized, precisely because of its deep concern about the "journey of culture".

　　(Iv) the creation of postmodernism Dimension View

　　Postmodernist thinking has been to destroy the unity of its objectives, promote multicultural dimension, emphasizing creativity and uncertainties.

　　First, emphasis on creating a common humanity. For a long time, people think that creating from high society (scientists, writers and artists of genius) privileges, which will create a restore to the people the idea of respect for the people, it is the creation of scientific supplement. Reflected in tourism studies, it is required to respect the researchers ponder tourism destination residents. Destination as the local residents who live experience, understanding of the local culture, awareness will be more profound, scholarly research and planning, in addition to the use of study methods broadest sense, the comparative advantage of contrast methods, but should focus on fieldwork, Listen carefully destination for residents of this area understanding and expectations. Seen from Henan Province in 2008, at the "Seminar on Development Strategy of Henan Tourism Province" and "Henan tourism service center construction project workshop" two major conferences, many national experts on tourism in Henan province were a Fan "coaching", whose real discourse and not targeted. This "foreign monks chanting," the idea, making Henan tourism research and practice at the level of the level of public opinion generated deviation. So, for both academic vision, but also the feelings of the local indigenous scholars, it should be respected, local academic scholars should also be full of confident, objective, pragmatic service to local tourism.

　　Second, the emphasis on creating balance and harmony. The creation of modern, mostly a mechanical creation, or create disorder under Romanticism. Postmodernism dimensions create concept, advocated the pursuit of a balanced, harmonious creation. Reflected in tourism, it is an objective look at the tourism and creative. For example, according to historical documents Kaifeng is rigorous conception and construction, although including "Listen Month" "point of Quebec" and other ideas, but basically is realistic mechanical creation. The elevator began Lushan Buddha Buddha body, allowing visitors to enter through Foyan meters altitude and overlooking the surrounding, it is a disorder of creation, this bell for Buddhist religious feelings of indifference, advocating rational modern technology, making the cultural landscape there is a problem on the aesthetic. After the creation of modernism, it advocates the creation of both a respect for the law, but also the balance appropriate poetic thinking and harmonious creation.

　　(V) cultural pluralism

　　"Tourism is tired from his own place to live other people live tired place" that is, tourism is a kind of novel experience exotic culture, and the world was in such initiatives toward cultural assimilation of exchanges, tourism research, planning machinery grafting also appear. So, how to meet the requirements of visitors while maintaining the cultural characteristics of the area of the premise, tourism has become the problem of residents. According to the Marxist view, advanced culture will replace the backward culture, then it means that all kinds of fascinating edge of national culture will be replaced by current industrial culture. And too much consideration factors for tourism destinations and cultural protection, and it looks stiff. Therefore, in order to protect cultural diversity, promote independent choice the government, under the guidance of the cultural sector, it is possible to mitigate this conflict. If it is outdated backward culture, then blend in their own self will disappear, if it is the same advanced cultural traits, you may choose by itself, make the appropriate separation between geopolitical and popularity. For example, with regard to the development of Zhouzhuang, we have no power to influence the local population because of economic reasons and conduct scientific development, when you can choose this way, so Zhouzhuang culture still flourish. Through propaganda, let loved Zhouzhuang culture of people who live in, let the desire to enjoy the fruits of industrial civilization place residents move out, which actually is a return of the traditional Zhouzhuang fullness. Zhou Zhuang Mingqing period of dignitaries, Romantic residence, culture flourished. Until modern times, the descendants of the first generation have been unable to continue the culture of blood, the emergence of a building without Humanities Humanities blood Zhouzhuang. Through this independent choice, you can make people yearn to find Zhouzhuang ideal spiritual homeland, but also makes the original "human heart in Cao Ying Han," the part of the population to be liberated. Taking into account the economic base and contemporary intellectual fashion, that this approach is feasible, and contemporary China, there must be a spiritual homeland classical sense, choose Zhouzhuang and to revive the initiative is independent of multiculturalism Select the reality of exploration.

IV Conclusion

　　The above analysis emphasizes the value of humanistic philosophy and applied research in tourism, tourism is the study of the past in economics, geography as the core framework of the question, but also to travel their own disciplinary system established expectations, it is under economic rationality Reflections on tourism development, but also on the social value of tourism really show himself.